C Shivakumar
Chennai:
Do you know that the lovable goldfish in your aquarium is a potential pest and is a live carrier of several pathogens and parasites and if left in the wild it would destroy the entire ecology of India’s natural aquatic eco- system.
A study ‘Occurence of Ornamental Fishes: A looming danger for Inland Fish Diversity of India’ by S Sandilyan, Centre for Biodiversity Policy and Law, National Biodiversity Authority has stated that the pets you adore in your aquarium are destroying fresh water fish diversity after being left in the wild by hobbyists or after escaping from local breeding sites.
The invasion of aquarium fishes has triggered native species decline and ecological destruction of the native system which could pose a threat to the health, livelihood and general well being of people, warns Sandiliyan.
And Chennai is vulnerable after the recent floods crippled the city. It is feared that many of the ornamental fishes could have escaped from the backyards of houses near Retteri Lake in Kolathur, which has become the hub of ornamental fish trade in the city.
“There are 600 species available in this area and most of the sites are neither protected or fenced posing a threat of entry of alien species into the water bodies of Chennai,” says Sandiliyan.
Interestingly, the threat from invasive species is not restricted to India alone, scientists across the world are struggling to contain the menace as 20 per cent of fresh water fish fauna is already extinct or is in the verge of extinction. The biologically sensitive area such as Chalakudy River in Western ghats, a biodiversity hotspot which harbours 16 endangered and four critically endangered species, researchers have found 27 ornamental species.
“There is a need for the government to constitute an authority to monitor the entry of invasive species,” says former director of Zoological Survey of India K Venkatraman. Recalling his days in Kolkata, Venkatraman, who is currently senior scientific consultant of the Centre for Sustainable Management Anna University, says 17 native species of fishes have vanished in West Bengal due to the invasion of alien species.
“The issue is that the alien species don’t have a predator in Indian waters unlike they have in their place of origin. As a result they continue to multiply,” says Venkataraman.
Interestingly, the government is hardly maintaining any record of invasive alien species as well as the threatened fish species. Scientists in the National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources have highlighted that the conservation of fishes has never been adequately addressed in India which has been mainly due to lack of scientific data.
Interestingly, the Ministry of Environment and Forest has devised an action plan but Venkatraman says that the issue has yet to be taken up seriously.
Currently, India has udentified 31 aquaculture species, 600 ornamental arities and two species of larvicidal fish as exotic. But Sandiliyan feels this is not enough. The deleterious role of alien fish species in aquatic diversity and commercial aquaculture has not been properly addressed in several parts of India, says Sandiliyan
Unless stringent measures are taken to monitor aquarium fish trade and accidental release of exotic species into inland waters, our water bodies will soon emerge as breeding ground for exotic ornamental fishes which will eventually drive out India’s native indigenous freshwater fishes.
Interestingly, the threat is restricted not only to India but across the globe as scientists are finding out ways to contain the invasion of alien species into their waters.
David L Morgan of Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University in Western Australia, states that Improving the awareness of people to the risk of introducing non-native species is paramount.
Invasive species create all sorts of problems to native species and their environments, including introduction of disease and parasites, competition for habitat, predation, aggression. Many parts of the world have strong campaigns to educate the public, he says.
Factfile:
Invasive species:
Gold Fish: A potential pest and a bottom feeder which re- suspends the nutrients settled in the bottom and accelerates the blooming of blue-green algae which results in large scale aquatic devastation. A carrier of several pathogens and parasites
Platy (Xiphophorus maculatus): An insectivorous species. It attains sexual maturity within 3 to 4 months and will become a potential pest within a short span
Gutum: Alien to Chembarambakkam lake. Outnumbered the native. Impacts yet to be studies.
Three-spot gourmani: An air breather, bubble nest brooder and an opportunistic carnivore which agressively protects its territory. It is strongly suspected to be the reason for decline of Chinese barb.
Guppy: It destroyed egg and larvae of native species in US. It transmits iridoviruses, trematode and nematode parsites.
Suckermouth armoured catfish:
A threat to global freshwater diversity. It changes the physico-chemical nature of water. In Kerala, the species has caused the decline of native species. It also results in the death of brown pelicans
Threat:
-- India is endowed with 3, 231 finfish,(788 freshwater, 2,443 marine species)
-- A total of 20pc of world’s fresh water fish fauna is extinct due to invasive species
-- In India, 31 aquaculture species, 600 ornamental varities and two species of larvidical fish have been identified as exotic.
-- Kolathur in North Chennai, known for ornamental fish trade, has more than 80 shops
-- There are 600 species of ornamental fish available in the area and many could have entered the flood waters of Chennai during the rains.
--- The status of alien
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