C Shivakumar
Chennai:
Chennai has failed to take lessons from the last five catastrophic floods as the entire city again came to a standstill due to inundation following heavy rains, according to sources.
The city had witnessed heavy rains in 1943, 1978, 1985, 2002 and 2005 caused by heavy rain associated with cyclonic activity. These events of catastrophic flooding were found to be attributable to failure of the major rivers and other drainage systems to clear the inundations in the city, according to CMDA sources.
Flooding of less catastrophic nature occurs regularly in low-lying areas of the City and its suburbs because of inadequacy or inoperativeness of the local drainage infrastructure, according to a CMDA report.
If one goes by the survey of Public Works Department, the waterways of Chennai is shrinking due to encroachments.
Even the catchment areas are occupied and it is likely they would be regularised under Section – 113 C, an amendment to the Town and Country Planning Act. While, people may be bad mouthing Chennai Corporation for the inundation, the biggest issue is relaxation of planning norms and reclassification of land every now and then by greasing the palms of officials.
The land use plan has been altered frequently but the irony is that no official from the planning department in CMDA or bunch of officials, who form the CMDA Authority, have been made responsible.
Sources reveal that the floods in 1943 were historic and damaged Cooum river very badly. Based on the A R Venkatachary’s Report the Government had improved the Cooum river and provided a sand pump at the river mouth for removal of sand bar.
In 1976, there was catastrophic flooding in Chennai and this time it was the turn of the Adyar river. P Sivalingam Committee gave recommendations for prevention for further damages from floods and recommended schemes to be implemented in the short and long terms.
In 1980 CMDA came out with a Nucleus report on improving the drainage network so that North Chennai and Koyambedu doesn’t get inundated. While some of them has been implemented some have failed to see the light of the day. This has resulted in Koyambedu getting inundated every now and then.
Interestingly, the floods in floods in 2015 is much worse than that of 2005. The entire Chennai was inundated and still continues so as officials are trying to bring normalcy.
Interestingly, post-2005 several measures have been implemented but they have failed to provide any major relief to Chennaites.
The reasons for this state of affairs are three-fold. Most of the existing waterways, reservoirs and tanks are silted and their flow channels and banks are obstructed with encroachments and structures, says officials.
Secondly several of the areas under tanks and their anicuts have been developed as residential neighbourhoods over the years. T Nagar, Nungambakkam, Vyasarpadi are good examples. The Taramani area has been developed as an institutional area.
Interestingly, efforts are being now taken to demarcate the boundary of water bodies that too after massive encroachment and pressure from the judiciary. But it is too late.
Similarly, officials feel the geological structure particularly in the south- west is not conducive to water infiltration.
While the Second Master Plan has suggested that the constraints in disposal of floodwaters could be created as an opportunity to manage and use the excess water for augmenting urban water supply through creation of additional storage and capacity.
But till now no additional storage or capacity has been created. Although a reservoir has been planned in the outskirts at a cost of Rs 330 crore in Thiruvallur district, t the work is yet to be completed and it is running behind the deadline.
There was also a plan to create a network of open spaces to provide green environment which would be used as flood moderators during critical months of the year. But open space is too far-fetched thought when land sharks are not even sparing water bodies.
While the Second Masterplan states that CMDA’s land use plan identifies all the important macro drainage features and prescribes the extent to which the conservation area extends. Surprisingly, this land use plan is tampered as most the catchment area is reclassified by the authority.
The parameters for safeguarding waterways and water bodies from undesirable developments are incorporated in the Development Regulations but then it is amended every now and then with no official claiming responsibility. While ideas are numerous, it just requires the spirit to implement it rather than tinker with it,” said a former CMDA official
1943 floods:
A R Venkatachary’s Report: Provide sand pump at the river mouth of Cooum for removal of sand bar.
1978 floods:
P Sivalingam Committee report: The committee recommends projects worth Rs 22 crore to improve the waterways of Chennai
1980 PWD Nucleus Report: The report suggested improvement to drainage network in North Chennai as well as improvement to Virigambakkam Canal and ways to carry out surplus water during the floods
1992-93 Madras Metro Flood Relief/Storm Water Drainage Master Plan Study: The study was done to identify using modern hydrological and hydraulic modeling techniques or measures to alleviate flooding in the North of the City. Projects worth Rs 34.8 crore were proposed for improving the Cooum
1994 Drainage Master Plan for Madras City: Major flood alleviation and rehabilitation of the urban storm water system with focus on Pallikaranai
Factfile:
Factfile:
1.Cooum and Adyer rivers play a major role
during floods, collects surplus water from 75 and 450 tanks in their
respective catchments
2. The reduction in water holding
capacity of the city’s surface is due to loss of green cover. This has
reduced ground water recharge
3. Uncontrolled urban sprawl and loss of natural drainage is one of the main cause for flooding
4. Drainage channels have been blocked and urban lakes filled and encroached,
5. Canals degraded and polluted, heavily silted and narrowed.
6. Lack of planning and regulatory controls to prevent development in old tank beds
7.
Lack of unified flood control implementing agency that could integrate
functions of Corporation, Development Authority, Public
Works Department, Slum Clearance Board and Housing Board
Source: The National Institute of Disaster Management
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