C Shivakumar
Chennai:
Lance Naik Hanumanthappa Koppad, who is being treated at Army's Research and Referral hospital for frost bite, could have survived if doctors could have managed to bring his electrolytes under control, according to medical sources.
Sources said that usually armed forces personnel serving in high altitude area like Siachen are prone to high-altitude illness like High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) and cerebral edema ( HACE).
High-altitude pulmonary oedema is caused due to a shortage of oxygen caused by the lower air pressure at high altitude while High- Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude.
Sources said that once the soldier reaches in high altitude area he is prone to hyothermia where the main organs like brain, hear and liver function minimally.
In Hanumanthappa’s case, due to the low temperature, his heart beat was very low. As a result this has affected the flow of blood to brain and Hanumanthappa was in a coma and later died on Thursday morning.
Usually, doctors tend to inject such soldiers with warm fluid. But in Hanumanthappa’s case, the doctors were facing challenge as he is malnourished. The proteins, fat and glucose levels in his body has gone down tremendously.
“The doctors were trying to regenerate him. He can’t be provided with everything suddenly. If you give him sodium suddenly, it could affect his heart. The plan was to provide him with nutrients slowly. It is like a plant which is without water for 10 days. You can’t flood it immediately,” said the source.
Interestingly, it is not only soldiers who were victims to hypothermia. More than 200 pilgrims lost their live in 1996 due to freak weather conditions. This resulted in the medical check-up being done once the pilgrim proceeds for Amarnath yatra, said sources.
During that time the saline is warmed into a boiling water and heated to 98 degree and was slowly administered to the affected pilgrims suffering from hypothermia.
Usually, doctors while administering the saline are worried that the temperature in the body does not rise resulting in intense heart beat.
Usually, the soldiers while serving in Siachen have HAPE and HACE bags. “Once the soldier reaches higher altitude, the oxygen level is low, so the heart has to pump more oxygen so that it reaches all parts of the body. This may result in a soldier being vulnerable and at times collapses due to HAPO or HACO.
“The doctors pump in air so that the atmospheric pressure around his body is brought back to normal level. That is how the body returns to normal level,” sources said .
What is HAPE:
High-altitude pulmonary oedema is caused due to a shortage of oxygen caused by the lower air pressure at high altitude. It is a life- threatening form of non- cardiogenic pulmonary edema ( fluid accumulation in the lungs) that occurs in otherwise healthy mountaineers at altitudes typically above 2,500 meters ( 8,200 ft).
What is HACE:
High-altitude cerebral edema ( HACE) is a medical condition in which the brain swells with fluid because of the physiological effects of traveling to a high altitude. It generally appears in patients who have acute mountain sickness and involves disorientation, lethargy, and nausea among other symptoms. It occurs when the body fails to acclimatize while ascending to a high altitude
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